Yes the acid origin from the Latin, which denfan ktaacidus which means sour. According to the Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water solvent. Acid strength is determined by many-at least the hydrogen ions produced. The more H + ions are produced, the stronger the acid properties.
No. Name Contained in acid
1. Acetic acid vinegar solution
2. Ascorbic Acid Oranges, tomatoes, vegetables
3. Citric Acid Orange
4. Acids tanat Tea
5. Carbonic acid Carbonated Drinks
6. Hydrochloric Acid Stomach
7. Nitric acid fertilizer, explosives (TNT)
8. Lactic acid fermented milk
9. Sulfuric acid car batteries, fertilizers
10. Benzoic acid food preservative
1. Nature of acid
An acidic substance can be said if the substance has the following properties.
a. Having a sour taste / sour / sour when tasted.
b. Produce H + ions when dissolved in water.
c. Has a pH less than 7 (pH <7).
d. Is corrosive, meaning that it can cause rust on metal.
e. When tested with litmus paper, resulting in a color change
following.
• Litmus blue -> turn into red color.
• Litmus red -> red remains.
f. Conduct electricity.
g. Reacts with metals produces hydrogen gas.
Grouping acid
Based on the strength, the acid was divided into two groups, namely:
a. Strong acids, which produces a lot of acid ions present in the solution (perfect ionized acid in the solution).
b. Weak acid, is slightly acidic ions present in the solution (only partially ionized).
Acid is also useful in everyday life we know, for example, is as follows:
a. Process in the manufacture of fertilizers
b. Making Process in medicine
c. Metal surface cleaners
d. The process of making explosives
e. The process of making food preservatives
Alkali
Kalu according to Arrhenius bases are water-soluble compounds that already produce hydroxide ions (OH). Increasing number of OH ions produced, the stronger was the alkaline nature. Bases can also neutralize the acid (H +) and produced water (H20).
These are some bases that have been known to man that can be seen in the following table
No. Name Contained in acid
1. Deodorants and Aluminum hydroxide antacids
2. Calcium hydroxide Mortar and plaster
3. Magnesium hydroxide enema Drugs and antacids
4. Sodium hydroxide soap Ingredients
Characteristics bases
A substance can be said to be basic if the substance has the following properties.
a. The bitter taste and feel slippery on the skin.
b. If the substance is dissolved in water to produce OH-ions will ".
c. Has a pH above 7 (pH> 7).
d. Electrolyte nature.
e. When tested using litmus paper will give the following results.
• Litmus red -> change color to blue.
• Litmus blue -> blue remains
f. Neutralize the acidic nature.
Grouping bases
Based on the ability of releasing ions OH ", base can be divided into 2, namely:
a. Strong bases, ie bases which can produce OH ions in large numbers. Strong bases are usually referred to as kausatik. For example, like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
b. While the weak bases, ie bases which can produce OH ions "in the amount of ammonia kecil.Contohnya kayak.
The use of bases in a daily life
a. Material in the manufacture of cement.
b. Preparation of detergent / soap.
c. Baking soda in baking.
Salt
Salt compound is a substance which has been prepared by positive ions (anions) bases and negative ions (cations) acid. If the acid and base react the right consumables reaction is called neutralization reaction (neutralization reaction).
The following are characteristics of salt.
1. Has a high melting point.
2. Represents an ionic compound with a strong bond.
3. Fused form or solution can conduct electricity.
4. Nature of the solution can be acidic, alkaline, or neutral. These properties depend on the type of acid / strong base constituent.
In general, the process of forming salts formulated as follows.
Acids + Bases -> Salt + Water
Example:
2Cu (s) + H2 2HCI 2CuCI
(Metallic copper) + (dilute hydrochloric acid) -> copper chloride + (hydrogen gas)
Another chemical reaction that can produce salt is:
1.Asam + Bases produce salt + water
2.Basa + oxides produce acid salt + water
3.Asam + Oxide base to give a salt + water
4.Oksida Oxide acid + base salt Produce
5.Logam acid to give a salt + salt + H2 yield
Indicator, Scale Acidity and Basicity
Indicators are complex compounds that can react with acids and bases. Indicators are used to identify whether a substance is acidic or alkaline. In addition, the indicators are also used to determine the point of acid or base strength level. The scale of acidity and alkalinity is indicated by the large-scale small pH values from 0 to 14. The lower the pH the more acidic compounds. Conversely, the greater the pH value of the compounds are more alkaline.
Indicators can be made from natural pigments of plants or made synthetically in the laboratory. Terms can be made whether or not a substance is an acid-base indicator could happen if a color change indicator dropped into an acid or alkaline solution.
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